作为英语句子主干成分之一的主语，表示的是句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。除祈使句和一些特殊句子外，句子一般都有主语。但作为英语学习者，要如何找出句子的主语呢？这是很重要的，这不仅影响到能否正确理解这个句子的问题，也影响到能否准确表达一个句子的问题，因为英语句子要注意主谓一致。如果主语理解错了，谓语的人称和数也自然会错了。所以，一定要学会找主语。
一、 在陈述句中，谓语动词前的部分就是主语（状语有时可提到主语之前）。如：My brother likes playing basketball.
谓语动词是likes,那么主语就是my brother.
又如，Yesterday afternoon we went to the park.谓语动词是went,主语是we,但时间状语yesterday afternoon给提到句首了。
所以，首先要准确找出谓语动词，谓语动词首先是动词，其次谓语动词有三种变化（人称、数的变化；时态变化；语态变化），这三种变化正是谓语动词的三个特点。
二、 在一般疑问句中，主语位于次要动词（包括be动词、助动词、情态动词）之后（there be 句型例外）。试看：
1. Is your sister good at singing?
2. Were the students working in the fields at that time?
3. Are English and French spoken in Canada?
4. Does your father drive his car to work?
5. Can she sing English songs?
6. Will the students of Class 2 visit the zoo next Sunday?
7. Did playing computer games do harm to your study last year?
8. Has Mr. Wang ever been to Beijing?
你能准确地找出上面句子的主语吗？（1.主语是your sister;2.主语是the students;3.主语是English and French;4.主语是your father;5.主语是she;6.主语是the students of Class 2;7.主语是playing computer games;8.主语是Mr. Wang）
只有主语找对了，前面的次要动词才能用得对，因为次要动词要与主语在人称、数上保持一致，当然还要注意与主语后的词或形式搭配。
一般疑问句的常见句式如下（初中部分）：
1. be动词+主语+表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等）
2. be动词+主语+现在分词
3. be动词+主语+过去分词
4. Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形
5. Will/Would+主语+动词原形
6. 情态动词+主语+动词原形
7. Have/Has/Had+主语+过去分词
三、 在特殊疑问句中，有两种情况：
一） 疑问词或疑问词部分（作主语） +谓语动词+其它
二） 疑问词或疑问词部分（不作主语）+次要动词+主语+其它
试看下面句子，你能找出主语吗？
1. Whose father works in the factory?
2. How many students want to join the club?
3. What exciting thing made you so excited?
4. What’s the weather like in Hainan in winter?
5. What happened to him yesterday?
6. What kind of animal does your brother like best?
7. What size bowl of noodles would you like?
(1. 主语是whose father;2.主语是how many students;3.主语是what exciting thing;4.主语是the weather;5.主语是what;6.主语是your brother;7.主语是you)
四、 在感叹句中，主语在感叹部分后面，因为感叹句是倒装句。
感叹句的基本结构是：What/How+感叹部分+主语+动词
当然，感叹句的主语和动词可省略。试找出下列感叹句的主语：
1. What beautiful flowers these are!
2. How beautiful these flowers are!
3. What a good time the students are having!
4. How carefully his father is driving!
5. What a nice dish her mother has cooked!
6. How many apples he has picked!
7. How I wish to join you!
(1. 主语是these;2.主语是these flowers;3.主语是the students;4.主语是his father;5.主语是her mother;6.主语是he;7.主语是I)
五、 在倒装句中，有部分倒装和全部倒装。试看下列句子主语是什么：
1. Here comes the bus.
2. There goes the bell.
3. Here you are.
4. Here it is.
5. Here they are.
6. Only then did he have a chance to achieve his dream.
（1. 主语是the bus;2.主语是the bell;3.主语是you;4.主语是it;5.主语是they;6.主语是he）
六、 在并列句中，注意并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句构成的。
试看：
1. I help him and he helps me.（并列句，前面简单句主语是I,后面简单句主语是he
2. Come here earlier and get back your bag.（并列句，前后简单句都是祈使句，无主语）
3. He went to the bookshop and bought some books yesterday.（不是并列句，是简单句，因为and后面不是句子，是简单句中的并列谓语）
七、 在复合句中，注意主句、从句都有各自的主语、谓语。（主句是祈使句例外）
试看：
1. Come to my home if you have time.（主句是祈使句，无主语，条件状语从句的主语是you）
2. I wonder what made her so angry.（主句主语是I,宾语从句主语是what）
3. Do you know if he is interested in science?（主句主语是you,宾语从句的主语是he）
4. I like music that is popular.(主句主语是I,定语从句的主语是that)
5. Do you know the man who she is talking to?（主句主语是 you,定语从句的主语是she）
总之，除了祈使句和一些特殊句型外，不管是什么句，都要能够找出其主语。
另一方面，还要懂得能作主语的有哪些？
一）名词、名词短语或相当于名词的短语。
如：1.The sick are taken good care of in the hospital.（主语是the sick）
2.Bread and milk are necessary for life.（主语是bread and milk,并列主语）
3.Our monitor,Li Ming, is a good student.（主语是our monitor,Li Ming 只是主语同位语）
二）某些代词作主语。如：
This is her pencil-box.Mine is over there.（前句主语是指示代词this,后句主语是名词性物主代词mine）
注意人称代词宾格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词都是不能作主语的。如不能说：Myself can do it.
三）数词作主语。
1.I don’t need so much.Two is enough.
2.I like the first one.The second is for my little brother.
四）动名词或动名词短语作主语。
如：1.Seeing is believing.
2.Eating lots of vegetables is good for your health.
3.It’s a waste of time talking with you.（it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的动名词短语talking with you）
五）动词不定式或不定式短语作主语。如：
1.To say is easier than to do.
2.To play in the street is dangerous.
3.It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.（it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语to protect the environment）
六）主语从句作主语。如：
What troubles you is a small thing for me.
以上是我对主语的理解，希望对学生尤其是初中学生有帮助！
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